Throughout time, cosmetics have been used by women all over the world among all races and cultures to enhance their beauty. This insatiable search for beauty aids has resulted in multi-billion dollar, worldwide cosmetics industry. However, these beauty aids cannot alleviate problems of structural deficiencies or drawbacks of facial features and body contours beyond a certain limit.
Cosmetic Plastic Surgery, on the other hand, can help to modify or correct these structural deficiencies and drawbacks, through carefully planned surgical procedures, so that a more perfect shape, features and contours of face and body can be achieved with long lasting results. According to Dr. Bangalore N. Jayaram, here are some of the misconceptions about cosmetic plastic surgery.
Breast Augmentation:
Some women have inadequately developed breasts (Hypoplastic breasts) making them self-conscious. This can be corrected by placing breast implants behind the breasts. Incisions are made either in the breast crease under the breast, around the lower half areola (brown skin surrounding the nipple) or in the arm pit. Through this, a pocket is developed behind the breast tissue. An adequate size breast implant is placed in this pocket and incision is closed.
The implants, made of silicone gel or silicone bags filled with saline (salt water), can be placed under chest muscle also. Resultant scars will be inconspicuous. This procedure is also useful in correcting unequal size of breast.
Breast Lift (Mastopexy)
Some women develop sagging breasts after childbirth due to loss of substance in the breasts, resulting in wrinkled, flat breasts with drooping nipples. This can be improved through the procedure of breast-lift or mastopexy.
Incisions are placed around the nipple and on the under surface of the breasts, excess loose skin is removed and the breast is reshaped, the nipple is raised to a normal position to make the breasts look fuller. In women who have small sagging breasts, size of the breasts can increased by placing implants behind the breasts, thus combining the procedure of breast lift and breast augmentation at the same time.
The resulting scars will fade with time and become less conspicuous. Sensation in the nipples will not be affected and will stay normal in most cases.
Breast Reduction (Reduction Mamoplasty):
Women with large, pendulous breasts suffer from many health problems. They are usually overweight, large and pendulous causing pain in shoulders, neck and back due to the weight.
Excessive sweating under the breasts causes skin irritation, it-ching and chronic inflammation under the folds of the breasts. They cannot find proper fitting bras to support the weight of the breasts. Heavy breasts may cause postural changes with drooping spine.
All these problems are alleviated by reducing the size of the breasts by a procedure called Reduction Mammoplasty. This procedure helps to correct any difference in the size of breasts also as more than 50% of women have unequal breast sizes.
The operation is done under general anesthesia in a hospital setting, necessitating 1 or 2 days of hospital stay. Incisions are placed around the nipple areola and under the surface of the breasts extending along the breast crease. Through these incisions, excess skin and breast tissue are removed.
Nipple and areola are placed at more anatomical position and the incisions are closed with drainage tube to allow excess leakage of fluid and blood to escape. These drainage tubes are removed after 48 hrs, stitches are removed in 10 days. Results will be apparent in 8-12 weeks.
Post Mastectomy Reconstruction of Breasts
Women who have undergone removal of one or both breasts because of cancer suffer from damaged body image and suffer psychologically. To alleviate this problem, breast reconstruction including nipple and areola can be done using one’s own skin, muscle and fat either from the back or abdomen, and also with the use of tissue expanders and breast implants.
Reduction of male breasts (Gynecomastia)
Some men develop breast enlargement to the extent that it will be very embarrassing for them to participate in sports and other social activities. This problem is common in teenagers and also in obese males.
Usually such breast development in teenagers consists of breast tissue and in obese people, mostly fat. This can be corrected by combination of liposuction and removal of excess breast tissue through an incision around the lower half of areola. Larger and hanging type of gynecomastia may require more extensive procedure.
Abdomenoplasty (Tummy tuck)
This procedure is intended to correct loose, hanging and pendulous abdominal skin along with underlying fat to create a slimmer, shapely and tighter abdominal wall and profile. Some stretch marks from pregnancy and vertical C-section scars can also be removed by this procedure.
Incisions are placed above the pubic area extending from one side of abdomen to the other side. Through this approach, all the abdominal skin is raised up to the ribcage and excess skin and fat are removed. Stretched out and weakened abdominal muscles are tightened with stitches and incisions are closed over a drainage tube. The belly button (Umbilicus) is repositioned through a separate small incision. The drainage tube is removed in 48 hrs. Healing will take up to 6 weeks.
This procedure is one of the most useful procedures to enhance body image among Indian women. It is often combined with liposuc-tion to remove excess fat in upper part of abdomen and flanks.
Liposuction
This is the most popular cosmetic plastic surgical procedure. It removes excess of localised fat deposits in certain areas of the body such as abdomen, inner and outer parts of thighs, waist, hips, arms and under the chin, through tiny incisions, using thin metal suction tubes connected to a high powered suction machine.
It is suitable for persons with no more than 10% of their ideal body weight, with localised fat deposits in locations mentioned above. Usually these procedures give the best results in people under the age of 40 yrs.
It is not intended to reduce weight of an obese person. The procedure is usually performed under local or general anesthesia on outpatients. Incisions leave very small scars.
Following the procedure, the patient has to wear a tight-fitting garment to apply gentle occlusive pressure at the site of operation to prevent collection of fluids and to reshape the area for about 6 to 8 weeks. Results will be seen after about 12 weeks.
Facial Implants and Bodily implants
This procedure involves use of silicone implants or other materials to enhance the contours of facial areas such as chin, cheek bones, angles of lower jaw and other bodily contours such as hips and calf muscles. Appropriately tailored implants are placed through small incisions to enhance shape profile of a receding chin, flat che-ek bones, flat hips or calf areas.
The healing process of people with dark skin is different from those of fair complexion. People with pigmented skin (brown or black) tend to form thick unattractive and conspicuous scars and even keloids (dark tissue at the site of a scar).
All surgical procedures have certain percentage of com- plications and untoward results. Therefore it is important to have a thorough discussion with your plastic surgeon to understand the risks and benefits of each procedure before undergoing the same.
ArrivaCostaRica.com is the primary web site for information about plastic surgery and dentistry in Costa Rica. See www.arrivacostarica.com